Boiler



3 Sheets Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

- H. BIAN'GHINI.

BOILER I V No. 547,948.

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I ANDREW lGRAHAM. PHOTO-UTHQWASNINGIDN. BL

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheen.

H'QBIANOHINI.

BOILER.

No. 547,948. Patented Oct. 15, 1895.,

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. BIANCHINI.

BOILER.

Patented Oct. 15, 1895.

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AN DREW BARAHAM. PHDTO-LITND.WA$HINGTON.D.C.

UNITED STATE ATENT @rrrcn.

HENRY BIANCHIN I, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,948, datedOctober15, 1895.

Application filed October 8, 1894. Serial No. 525,217. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY BIANCHINI, a subject of the King of Italy,residing in Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Boilers, of which thefollowingis a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in boilers intended moreespecially for use in locomotives. It is well known that the gases andsmoke which are given out through the stack of the ordinary locomotiveare heated to about 300 centigrade at the time they are ejected. As thetemperature is much above the vaporizing point of water, it will be seenthat much of the heat which ought to be utilized is lost, and thatconsequentlya large percentage of the fuel used is wasted. To preventthis loss of heat and waste of fuel is my main object in this invention,and to that end, instead of conducting the products ofcombustion in thecustomary way directly from the fire-box to the stack in an almoststraight path, Ipass them from the box to the stack by a circuitous paththrough water-holding portions of the boiler and in contact withsteamproducing surfaces, and during this movement all the availableheat-units contained in the gases are absorbed by the boiler-surfacesand utilized in the generation of the steam. In the formation of thepassage ways constituting this circuit for the smoke and gasesI havemade the boiler in two partsviz., a main part or boiler corresponding inmost respects to the ordinary boiler, and in which are located thefire-box and heating-tubes, and a supplemental part or boiler placedover the main boiler and receiving the feedwater. The two partscommunicate with each other, so that the lower boiler will be keptsupplied with water from the upper one, and the smoke flue or passagereferred to is formed between the main and the upper boiler. With thisconstruction the upper boiler will be heated through the circuitousflue, but of course will not in that way receive as intense heat'as themain boiler. The heat so received, however,

will be sufficient to cause the deposit in the upper boiler of all ornearly all the incrusting material which may be in the water, so that bythe time the water has found its way into the main boiler it will besubstantially freed from such matter, and the main boiler and its tubesbe thus kept free from scales and incrustations.

In my improved construction the lower boiler is of the ordinarycylindrical formation upon the top, and the upper boileris crescentshaped in cross-section so that it is well adapted to set down upon andlargely envelop the lower one. The ordinary smoke-box in front of thetubes is divided by a vertical partition extending across it from rightto left and serving to turn the smoke and gases back into thepassage-way or flue between the upper and lower boilers. Aftertraversing the length of the boiler and to the rear end thereof thesmoke and gases are again reversed in direction and move to the front ofthe engine, passing in so doing through flues also located and formed inthe space between the boilers, and enter the portion of the smoke-box infront of the partition, and from thence pass out through the stack inthe usual way. Inasmuch as the circuitous path provided in the boilerfor the products of combustion may interfere at times with the perfectworking of the draft, I provide my improved locomotive with anextensible stack, so that the latter may be lengthened whenever itbecomes necessary to stimulate the fire. The means provided for thispurpose are such as will onable the engineer to extend the stack at willand in a few seconds of time, and he can also restore it to its normalcondition as quickly.

The invention consists in the novel construction of the boiler inrespects above mentioned, and also in the novel details and featureshereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of myimproved boiler. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are sections upon the lines 2 2, 3 3,and 4 4, respectively, of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of theboiler, partly broken away. Figs. 6 and 7 are sections on the lines 6 6and7 7, respectively, of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8 8 ofFig. 5. Fig. 9 is-a rear elevation. Fig. 10 shows the two boilers insection and detached. Fig. 11 is a section on line 11 11 of Fig. 5. Fig.12 is a vertical section of the smoke-stack.

In said drawings, A represents the main or lower boiler, A the fire-box,and A the tubes through which the flame and products of combustion passinto the rear chamber C of the smoke-box G.

C C is the partition in the smoke-box, and by it the flame, &c., areturned back, and in stead of entering the stack directly are caused toenter the flue or passage I), located centrally in the space between themain boiler and the crescent-shaped upper or supple mental boiler B. Theflue D extends to the rear end of the boiler and there connects with twoside passages E E, formed between the limbs of the upper boiler and thesides of the lower boiler, and these passages E extend to and open intothe front chamber 0 of the smoke-box at the sides of said chamber, andthus conduct the smoke, &c., directly under the stack F and around theexhaustnozzle F. The course of the smoke and gases is plainly indicatedin Figs. 1 and 5 by the arrows. The entrance to the flue D is guarded bya screen G, whereby the cinders, sparks, and solid portions of the fuelwhich may be drawn from the fire-box are arrested and collected in thechamber C of the smoke-box, and from which they are discharged throughthe hinged door C as often as occasion requires. This door is opened andclosed by the arm (3 and rod C", thelatter extending to some point whichrenders it convenient for the engineer to operate it even while rpnning.A sloping floor G insures the cinders falling against the door. As thesteam does not enter this compartment of the smoke-box, the detritusarrested therein is always dry and does not cake or become lodgedtherein.

For the purpose of supporting the upper boilcrB, I provide the mainboiler with projecting ribs or flanges a 1), extending along its sides,and the upper boiler with ribs or flanges 0 upon its under surface,adapted to engage and be properly secured to flanges a. The lowerflanges b are positioned and fashioned so they will receive and supportthe lower-edges dot the upper boiler. The flanges a a form the sides ofthe flue D, and the flanges a, c, and Z2 form the top and bottom of theflues E. Communication between the upper and lower boilers is permittedby the transverse pipes II, of which there is a series along each sideof the boiler, near the bottom edges of the upper boiler, and by thecentral opening 7L, immediately under the steam-dome 11. The opening hbeing located Within the outlines of flue D, both the upperand the mainboilers are furnished with coinciding and projecting flanges 7L, whichform a tightjoint and prevent any leakage of the steam or water into thesmoke-flue. \Vater is fed to boiler B at w, and the broken line 1)indicates the ordinary level of the water. The steam is fed from thedome through the pipe J, which I locate in the forward half of the flueD and in the smoke-box chamber 0, in both of which said pipe issubjected to intense heat, so that the steam passing through it becomesvery thoroughly heated and dry before it is called into service. Withinthe chamber C" this pipe branches, and one of the branches 1' leads toeach cylinder of the locomotive.

The stack, which is extensible, as already stated, is made of twocylinders, one telescoping within other. Of these the outer cylinder Fis stationary, while the inner one F is movable. The inner cylinder isprovided upon opposite sides with longitudinal racksf, meshing withwhich are pinions m, journaled upon the outer cylinder and projectingthrough openings n therein. These pinions are located near the top ofthe outer cylinder and are operated by a gear M upon the shaft N,intermediate pinion N, and the pinionso upon the journals of pinions m.The shaft N may extend to the cab, or it may be provided with a cranknear the stack, and in either case is easily and quickly operated so asto lengthen the stack or restore it toits normal condition. OrdinarilyIdonot anticipate that it will be necessary to extend the stack exceptwhen starting the fire or when reviving a low fire; but if occasionrequires the inner stack-cylinder may be raised or lowered while theengine is running.

It will be noticed that the fire-box of my improved locomotive is archedat the ceiling instead of being flat as in the ordinary construction,and that the arch thus given to the ceiling is concentric with the archof the outer or crown sheet of the lower section or part boiler A, thusrendering the space between the top sheet of thefire-box and thecrown-sheet of the boiler uniform in depth. These features areimportant, as the arched form resists the warping, twisting, and bulgingso common in fiat-top boxes, and the uniform depth between the sheetpermits the use of stay-bolts of a uniform length, all of which expandand contract alike, and thus maintain the integrity of the structuremuch longer than would bolts of unequal length.

The exhaust-pipe 0, leading from the cylinders, is placed horizontally,as shown, instead of perpendicularly, as in the common way, and theexhaust-nozzle is connected to it at its center, as also shown.

At 19 p are doors for cleaning the smokeflues E, and at q q are doorsfor cleaning the center flue D. The partition (J of the smokebox is alsopreferably made in two parts, the dividing-line between which is acentral one, so as to adapt it for easy removal in getting access to thechamber 0' and the forward end of the fire-tubes and flue D. Access tothe front chamber of the smoke-box is obtained in the usual way throughthe door R.

By my construction the Water circulates freely in both boilers, andsteam is generated contemporaneously in both, while at the same time themain boiler is kept constantly supplied with water from the upper one.The two boilers, considered together, about equal the ordinary boiler insize, as the added tiretubes, the circuitous smoke-fines, and the secondsmoke-chamber do not require space ICC exceeding that found in theprevailing styles of locomotives.

By my invention I obtain the following advantages: first, great economyin the use of fuel, due to the circuitous path given to the products ofcombustion through the waterholding parts of the boilerand the greatlyenlarged water-heating surface with which the products of combustioncome in contact; second, increased power and speed, because my boilergeneratesvsteam faster and permits the development of greater pressurethan can be obtained in present locomotives; third, a material reductionin the time required for getting up steam,which reduction I estimate atfrom one-quarter to one-third; fourth, the ability to clean thesmoke-box while running; fifth, the arresting of the cinders and fuel inthe smoke-box; sixth, the ability to increase the draft by lengtheningthe stack; seventh, the depriving of the water of its incrusting matterwhile it is in the upper boiler, whereby the lower boiler and the tubestherein are kept free and clean from incrustation; eighth, theprevention of warping, bulging, &c., of the fire-box ceiling by givingit an arched or curved form.

I claim- 1. The boiler consisting of a main part A provided with a firebox, and a crescent-shaped upper part B, supported above the main part,the space between the parts A and B being divided longitudinally andforming flues adapted to conduct the smoke &c. from the smoke box to therear of the boiler and thence back again to the box, substantially asspecified.

2. The boiler consisting of a main part A having a fire box at one end,a crescent-shaped upper part B supported above the part A and a dividedsmoke box 0, the space between the parts A and B being partitionedlongitudinally and forming flues adapted to conduct the smoke &c. fromthe smoke box to the rear of the boiler and thence back again to thesmoke box, substantially as specified.

3. The boiler consisting of a main part -A having a fire box at one end,a crescent-shaped upper part B supported above the part A, and a dividedsmoke box 0, the space between the parts A and B being partitionedlongitudinally and forming flues adapted to conduct the smoke &c. fromone of the chambers of the smoke box to the rear of the boiler, and fromthence to the other chamber of the smoke box, substantially asspecified.

4. The boiler made in two parts A and B, having steam and watercommunication with each other, the part B having a feed water inlet andalso having its own heating surface,

and said part A having a fire box and receiving all its water from partB, whereby scaling and incrustation will take place mainly in part B,substantially as specified.

5. The boiler made in two communicating parts A and B, with circuitoussmoke flues D and E between them, the part A containing the fire box andthe part B receiving the feed water and supplying the part A therewith,substantially as specified.

6. The combination in a boiler, of the main part A and uppercrescent-shaped part B, said parts having flanges or ribs upon theiropposite surfaces adapted to divide the space between them into fines,substantially as spear fled.

7. The combination in a boiler, of the main part A and uppercrescent-shaped part B, sa d parts having flanges a, b, and 0, upontheir opposite faces with the divided smoke box communicating with theflues formed between the parts A and B by the flanges, substantially asspecified.

8. The combination in a boiler, of a fire box, a smoke box receiving theflame (be. from the fire box, the circuitous flues such as D and E, thescreen located at the entrance to flue D, and the stack, substantiallyas specified.

9. The combination in a locomotive boiler, of a fire box, a smoke boxreceiving the smoke from the fire box and conducting it to a horizontalflue D, and a screen arrangedat the entrance to said flue from saidsmoke box, substantially as specified.

10. The combination in a locomotive boiler, of a fire box a smoke boxreceiving the smoke from the fire box and conducting it to a horizontalflue D, a screen arranged at the entrance to said flue from said smokebox, and means for opening the smoke box to allow the discharge of theaccumulated cinders, substantially as specified.

11. In a locomotive boiler, the combination with the flue D and thescreen located at the entrance thereto, of a smoke box 0 arranged toreceive the cinders arrested by the screen, said box having a slopingfloor and a discharge door, substantially as specified.

12. The combination with the boiler of a locomotive of an extensiblestack consisting of a stationary outer section, a telescoping innersection, the inner section being provided with racks upon its sides, andthe outer section with gears meshing with said racks, and means foroperating said gears in unison, substantially as specified.

13. The circuitous smoke flue boiler, consisting of the main boiler Ahaving a fire box the ceiling whereof is arched, and a crescentshapedupper boiler B, the smoke flues being formed between said main and upperboilers, substantially as specified.

14. The circuitous smoke flue boiler, consisting of the main boiler Ahaving a fire box the ceiling whereof is arched concentrically with thetop of said part 'A, and a crescentshaped upper boiler B, the smokeflues being formed between said main and upper boilers,

for arresting sparks arranged at the entrance to said lines, a dischargedoor for said box and means whereby it may be operated While thelocomotive is running, and an extensible stack, substantially asspecified.

16. The two part boiler for locomotives,tl1e part A whereof contains thefire box and is filled with fire tubes to its top, and the part Bwhereof surinonnts the part A and contains the steam space, the openspace between the two parts being utilized as circuitous smoke fines,substantially as specified.

17. The two part locomotive boiler A, B, having circuitous smoke fines Dand E therebetween and a smoke box having two chambers, the forwardchamber connecting with the stack and the flues E delivering the smokeat the sides of said forward chamber, substantially as specified.

HENRY BIANCIIINI.

Witnesses:

EUG. C. BIANCHINI, ERMETE NEMIE.

